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List of Pair of Words and their Meaning in Urdu </h2>
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Key Points You Should Know before Starting Website Designing- Design Theory.

11:17 Aamir Ali 1

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Hello! You should know what actually web designing is? Web designing/website designing is Planning, Creating or designing eye-catching websites. To design website, first of all, clear over selves about the purpose and nature of the website, we think about the main goal of the website and the target viewers as well.</div>
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After that, we identify the elements on each page and to which they link, after this paperwork we pick up the appropriate tools and start designing.</div>
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   Keep all things simple</h3>
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      In this way we achieve the simplicity so that no complexity is raised, For Example- if we create a form for an input we take into considerations the main goal of useful form i.e. what actually, I am taking about design the HTML form simple so that the viewers will be encouraged to fill out the form properly, when you place many extra inputs which bore the user then will go away from your website make it simple.</div>
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   Creating Consistency in web designing: </h3>
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     Mean that all pages of a website will be designed in same consistency way, All pages of a website must share a single unique theme, i.e     All pages have same fonts size, font family and Colors for all paragraphs on each page, anchor text( Link color) will be same for all web pages. so we use a consistent style throughout the web design. </div>
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   Producing Predictability: </h3>
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      Means that we work for the users expectations whenever they are in a website page we think about all things what the user can expect at that point e.g. If user comes to website and he/she is reading an article he/she likes the article very much then there must be social sharing buttons, so the user can email it, or print it, or save a picture in it. Similarly, forward/backward navigation buttons can be positioned at the appreciate place, so we should not confuse users in navigation.</div>
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    So The basic generalized rules are;</div>
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1)      Achieve Simplicity </div>
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2)      Create consistency </div>
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3)      Produce Predictability </div>
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Despite the basics 3- rules for designing website, we should also work on home page i.e. Our home page should tell users the whole story of your website at a glance when users come to the website, we make it clear, what services our website is providing and how it is useful for them, make it attractive use beautiful colors, Easy navigate & read to compel users to come back again and again.</div>
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Avoid to use small fonts because on high-density screen or higher resolutions the would become very small, similarly, we avoid large fonts it may become very large on low-resolution screens. Similarly, avoid zero’s or more picture to design a website to use we would not want that our website will be heavier to download our page- if take much time to load then the user will not come back they will stay away :P.</div>
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These are the basic points which must you know before starting web designing, hope it will help you to design a great website.</div>
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web designing website design Key Points You Should Know before Starting Website Designing- Design Theory.

Hello! You should know what actually web designing is? Web designing/website designing is Planning, Creating or designing eye-catching w...

CSS Computer Science Past Papers Mcqs

12:36 Aamir Ali 1

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Find All CSS Past Papers Mcqs below form 2000 to 2015 we collecting all data from different forums groups and social website all CSS Computer Science Past Paper will be available here. </div>
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CSS Past Paper 2000</h2>
 (B) Please choose the most appropriate answer from the given set of answers to fill the blanks. 11. During the program execution, temporary/intermediate values are stored in _____________. a. Registers b. Peripherals c. LAN d. None of these 12. The objects can be inherited by _____________. a. A single object only b. Multiple objects c. Both (a) and (b) d. Either (a) or (a) 13. The operating system may perform _____________ operation to manage the memory while running a large program. a. Sorting b. Scheduling c. Paging d. None of these 14. When the LAN is arranged in such a way that each computer is connected directly to the HUB the configuration can be termed as _____________ network. a. Bus b. Star c. Ring d. None of these 15. To communicate with other computers over a telephone line the computer must have _____________ installed. a. Telephone set b. Modem c. LAN Card d. None of these 16. When each item of data in a database is directly linked with every other item of data, the database is called _____________. a. Relational b. Hierarchical c. Network d. None of these 17. _____________ is the most efficient method to reduce the duplication of data. a. Duplication c. Normalisation c. Empty fields d. None of these 18. The _____________ operation changes the coordinate values of objects being displayed. a. Transformation b. Windowing c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of these 19. A linear sequential software development model is also referred to as ____________ . a. Prototype Model b. RAD Model c. Spiral Model d. None of these 20. State Transition Diagram gives information of ___________. a. Data Flow b. Entry Relationship c. Control Flow d. None of these</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2002</h2>
 8. (A) Write only True or False in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions. (1) The terms “type cast” and “type conversion” have different semantics i.e. they have different effects on the program execution.TRUE (2) Alignment restrictions of modern RISC-architectures forces compilers to occasionally introduce “holes” and “padding” for record structures to ensure efficient access of record elements. (3) In a language with garbage collection, the programmer need not worry about heap memory management.True (4) In order to execute a program by interpretive execution, the interpreter needs to execute on the system on which the program is to be run. (5) A GUI is a Graphical Utility Interface. False (6) The study of algorithms began in the 1900s when electronic computers began to be used. (7) A bus is a part of the computer that decides if a value should be stored as an integer or floating point.False (8) Peripheral devices handle the coordination of a computer’s activities. True (9) Get method in HTML forms is used for debugging.False (10) “Pine” is an example of e-mail utility. TRue (B) Please choose the most appropriate answer from the given set of answers. (11) State Transition Diagram gives information of  (a) Prototype Model (b) RAD Model (c) Spiral Model (d) None of these (12) The concept of meaning represented by an algorithm is known as its: (a) Control Structure (b) Sequence (c) Semantics (d) Syntax (13) Each cell of memory is numbered and that number is referred to as the cell’s (a) Block (b) Identity  (c) Address (d) Size (14) Main memory is called RAM because (a) It is volatile, like a ram’s temper. (b) The computer starts at address 0 and reads every byte until it reaches the correct address. (c) It can Read all memory (d) The memory is accessible randomly (15) To use internet, the computer must have (a) Telephone (b) Modem (c) ISP Connection  (d) All of the above</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2003</h2>
 8--(A) Write only True or False in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the question. (1x10) (1) A feature of an operating system that allows more than one program to run simultaneously is called Multitasking. Flase (2) A trackball operates like a joystick on its back. It is extremely useful when there isn't enough space to use a mouse,False (3) Digitizing Tablet is a'special Input device that is mainly used to digitize vector-oriented design or pictures. True not completely sure (4) Dedicated line is a high speed cable line that is not permanently wired into the internet. (5) A Router is a network device that helps LANs and WANs achieve interoperability and connectivity and thai can link LANs that have different netwoik topdldgies, such as Ethernet and Token Ring. true (6) Internet Protocol is a routable protocol in the backbone that is responsible for IP addressing, routing, and the fragmentation and reassembly of IP packets. True (7) Telnet is an Internet connection that enables a user to terminate an active connection with a computer at a retoete site. (8) ESD stands for Electronic Static Distance.False (9) IRQ is Interrupt Request. TRue (10) Copyright computer programs made available on trial basis are called shareware. True (B) Please choose^he most appropriate answer from the given set of answers. . (.1x5) (11) What is the long form of 'CMOS'? (a) Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (b) Complex Metal Oxide Semiconductor (c) Controller Metal Oxide Semiconductor (d) Complimentary Metal Oxide Sets. (12) What is a Y-Connector? ' (a) A'Y-Shaped splitter cable that divides a source input into two output signals. (b) A Y-Shaped splitter connector that divides a source input into two output signals. (c) A Y-Shaped splitter card that divides'a source input into two output signals. (d) None of the above. (13) What do you mean by IBM-Compatible'? (a) A computer that has a processor that is compatible vvith the original IBM PC. (b) A computer that has a processor that is similar to original IBM PC (c) A computer that has a casing that is similar original IBM PC. (d) None of the above (14) What do you mean by "virtual? Select'all that apply: (a) In general, it distinguishes something that is merely conceptual from something that has physical reality, (b) Real (c) Not real.  (d) None of the above (15) Select correct statement describing a term 'stateless'? (a) Having all information about what occurred previously (b) Having some information aboot what occurred previously (c) Having no information about what occurred previously (d) Having new information about what occurred previously</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2004</h2>
 i) When all access and processing is done in one location, a computer system is said to be  (a) networked  (b) distributed  (c) centralized  (d) linked (ii) Tools to change PROM chips, called  (a) chip kits  (b) RAM burners (c) PROM burners  (d) none of these (iii) The type of modulation that changes the height of the single is called (a) frequency  (b) phase  (c) amplitude  (d) prophase (iv) A connection for similar network: (a) satellite  (b) bridge  (c) gateway  (d) fax (v) The technology whereby part of the program is stored on disk and is brought into memory for execution as needed is called (a) memory allocation (b) virtual storage (c) interrupts (d) prioritized memory (C) Write '"True" or "False" in your answer book about the following statements: (5) (i) Application software may be either custom or packaged. True (ii) RISC technology uses more instructions than traditional computers.False (iii) A ring network has no central host computer.True (iv) Satellites use line-of-sight transmission.False (v) Time-sharing is both event-driven and time-drive</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2005</h2>
 8. (A) For whom the following abbreviations stand for (i) DNS : Domain Name System (ii) CMOS : Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (iii) OSI : Open Systems Interconnection (iv) CASE : Computer Aided Software engineering (v) DDE Dynamic Data Exchange (B) Fill in the blanks with the most suitable options for the following statements: (i) A data path to transfer data is called…………………Physical medium (not sure) (ii) What is combination of I-time and E-time called.............................Machine Cycle (iii) The process of applying a formula to a key is called………………. (iv) Distortion in the received signals is called……………………… (v) DMA is a technique to transfer data between memory and ……………..IO devices (C) Write “TRUE” or “FALSE” (i) RISC technology used fewer instructions then traditional computers. True (ii) Direct file organization is combination of sequential and indexed file organization.True (iii) Fax is a connection of similar networks. True not sure (iv) Let G=(V,E) be an undirected graph when G is a free tree.True (v) An entity instance is a single occurrence of an entity True</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2006</h2>
 Q.8	(A)	Write the terms on your answer book for whom the following abbreviations stand for: 1)	BIOS : Basic Input and output system 2)	DOS Disk operating system 3)	SIMM : single inline memory module 4)	SCSI : Small Computer System Interface 5)	DASD Direct Access storage device (B)	Choose the most appropriate answer from the given set of options: 6)	The processor’s components are synchronized by: a.	Instructions  b.	Data c.	Information d.	Clock pulses 7)	External devices are linked to a small computer system through: a.	Channels b.	Control units c.	Plugs d.	interfaces 8)	Data on disk are recorded on a series of concentric circle called: a.	Sectors  b.	Cylinders c.	Blocks d.	Tracks 9)	The simplest data structure is a: a.	File  b.	List c.	Record d.	Array 10)	Several computers linked by communication lines for a: a.	Network b.	Distributed system c.	Time share system d.	Ring (C)	write true (T) or false (F) in your answer book about following statements: 11)	programs are loaded into main memory by the operating system’s memory manager  12)	with sequential access, records can be accessed in any order False 13)	the process of removing errors from a program is called compilation False 14)	data flow over a bus is parallel  15)	one instruction is fetched and executed by computer during a single machine cycle True</div>
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CSS Past Paper 2008</h2>
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SECTION --I Q2. (a) Compare the TCP/IP and OSI network and describe the functionality of at least two Transport and two network layer protocols (b)Differentiate between the message switching and packet switching. Which one is better for data networks? (c)Describe various network Flow control protocol Q3 (a)Differentiate between thread and process.Explain your answer through example (b)Various operating systems((i.e WIN 2K,solaris) make use of pages virtual memory technique. Explain the paged virtual memory in general terms with the help of diagram Q4 (a)Differentiate between interrupt and trap?Explain two approaches that can be taken to deal with multiple interrupt? (b)Differentiate between the Shortest process next (SPN) and shortest remaining Time (SRT) Uni processor scheduling techniques? SECTION--II Q5(a)What are view and how they are defined in SQL? Describe the rules pertaining to data updating through views (b)Describe the process of Normalization and various Normal forms through examples.Also describe two integrity rule Q6(a)Differentiate between Incremental and RAD models?Which one is better and why? (b)Giving reasons for your answer based on the type pf system being developed. Suggest the most appropriate generic software process model,which might be used as a basis for managing the development of the following systems. (i) A Virtual reality system to support software development (ii) An interactive railway timetable system (iii) A system to control Anti-lock breaking in a car (iv) MSN messenger Support your answer with necessary reasons. Clearly write down the assumptions you made. SECTION --III Q7 (a) Write note on various internal sorting algorithms. Develop the merge sort algorithm and develop the pseudo code for its implementation. (b) Write a note onthe following data strtuctures: (i) STACK (ii) QUEUE (iii) DE-QUEUE Also describe various functions that can be performed on t hem and write the C++ code for implementaation of these functions. Q8 (a) In the context of computer Graphics, describe various 2D and 3D Transformations. Also write a note on Color Theory in this Context. (b) What is an Expert System? Describe the various methods for knowledge representation. (c) Develop the C++ code to accomplish the following tasks: (i) A function that returns TRUE if the string passed on to it is PLAINDROME otherwise it shall return FALSE. (ii) Print the nth element of the Fibonicci series.</div>
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Find All CSS Past Papers Mcqs below form 2000 to 2015 we collecting all data from different forums groups and social website all CSS Compu...

Computer Science and IT Abbreviations and terms

11:26 Aamir Ali 1

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I am sharing with you Computer Science and IT Abbreviations and terms which is Most important if you are going to appear in comparative exams. you have seen the NTS and Public service commission papers in wich some technology terms is included, so you can find all there terms which is most important computer Abbreviations.</div>
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Access (Microsoft Access) A database system developed by Microsoft. Part of Microsoft Office Professional. Mostly used on low traffic web sites running on the Windows platform. Active Movie A web technology for streaming movies from a web server to a web client. Developed by Microsoft. ActiveX A programming interface (API) that allows web browsers to download and execute Windows programs. (See also Plug-In) Anchor In web terms: The starting point or ending point of a hyperlink. Learn more about links in our HTML tutorial Anonymous FTP  See FTP Server. ANSI (American National Standards Institute) An organization that creates standards for the computer industry. Responsible for the ANSI C standard. ANSI C An international standard for the C programming language. ADO (ActiveX Data Object) A Microsoft technology that provides data access to any kind of data store. Learn more about ADO in our ADO tutorial ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) A special type of DSL line where the upload speed is different from the download speed. Amaya An open source web browser editor from W3C, used to push leading-edge ideas in browser design. Animation A set of pictures simulating movement when played in series. Anti-Virus Program A computer program made to discover and destroy all types of computer viruses. Apache An open source web server. Mostly for Unix, Linux and Solaris platforms. Applet See web applet. Archie A computer program to locate files on public FTP servers. API (Application Programming Interface) An interface for letting a program communicate with another program. In web terms: An interface for letting web browsers or web servers communicate with other programs. (See also Active-X and Plug-In) ARPAnet The experimental network tested in the 1970's which started the development of the Internet. Authentication In web terms: the method used to verify the identity of a user, program or computer on the web. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) A set of 128 alphanumeric and special control characters used for computer storing and printing of text. Used by HTML when transmitting data over the web. See the full list of ASCII codes in our HTML Reference ASF (Advanced Streaming Format) A multimedia streaming format. Developed by Microsoft for Windows Media. ASP (Active Server Pages) A Microsoft technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages. Learn more about ASP in our ASP tutorial ASX (ASF Streaming Redirector) An XML format for storing information about ASF files. Developed by Microsoft for Windows Media. AVI (Audio Video Interleave) File format for video files. Video compression technology developed by Microsoft. Banner Ad A (most often graphic) advertisement placed on a web page, which acts as a hyperlink to an advertiser's web site. Bandwidth A measure for the speed (amount of data) you can send through an Internet connection. The more bandwidth, the faster the connection. Baud The number of symbols per second sent over a channel.  BBS (Bulletin Board System) A web based public system for sharing discussions, files, and announcements.  Binary Data Data in machine readable form.  Bit (Binary Digit) The smallest unit of data stored in a computer. A bit can have the value of 0 or 1. A computer uses 8 bits to store one text character. BMP (Bitmap) A format for storing images. Bookmark In web terms: A link to a particular web site, stored (bookmarked) by a web user for future use and easy access. Browse Term to describe a user's movement across the web, moving from page to page via hyperlinks, using a web browser. (See Web Browser). BPS (Bits Per Second) Term to describe the transmission speed for data over the web.  Browser See Web Browser. Byte (Binary Term) A computer storage unit containing 8 bits. Each byte can store one text character. C An advanced programming language used for programming advanced computer applications. C++ (C Plus Plus) The same as C with added object-oriented functions. C# (C Sharp) A Microsoft version of C++ with added Java-like functions. Case Sensitive A term used to describe if it is of importance to use upper or lower case letters. Cache In web terms: A web browser or web server feature which stores copies of web pages on a computer's hard disk. Chat An on-line text-based communication between Internet users.  CGI (Common Gateway Interface) A set of rules that describes how a CGI program communicates with a web server. CGI Bin The folder (or directory) on a web server that stores CGI programs. CGI Program A small program that handles input and output from a web server. Often CGI programs are used for handling forms input or database queries. Cinepac A codec for computer video. Client See Web Client. Client/Server In web terms: The communication and separation of workload between a web client and a web server. Click In web terms: A mouse click on a hyperlink element (such as text or picture) on a web page which creates an event such as taking a visitor to another web page or another part of the same page. Clickthrough Rate The number of times visitors click on a hyperlink (or advertisement) on a page, as a percentage of the number of times the page has been displayed. Codec (Compressor / Decompressor) Common term for the technology used for compressing and decompressing data. Communication Protocol A standard (language and a set of rules) to allow computers to interact in a standard way. Examples are IP, FTP, and HTTP. Learn more about Communication Protocols in our TCP/IP tutorial Compression A method of reducing the size (compress) of web documents or graphics for faster delivery via the web. Computer Virus A computer program that can harm a computer by displaying messages, deleting files, or even destroying the computer's operating system. Cookie Information from a web server, stored on your computer by your web browser. The purpose of a cookie is to provide information about your visit to the website for use by the server during a later visit. ColdFusion Web development software for most platforms (Linux, Unix, Solaris and Windows). CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) A W3C recommended language for defining style (such as font, size, color, spacing, etc.) for web documents. Learn more about CSS in our CSS tutorial Database Data stored in a computer in such a way that a computer program can easily retrieve and manipulate the data. Learn more about databases in our SQL tutorial Database System A computer program (like MS Access, Oracle, and MySQL) for manipulating data in a database. DB2 A database system from IBM. Mostly for Unix and Solaris platforms. DBA (Data Base Administrator) The person (or the software) who administers a database. Typical task are: backup, maintenance and implementation. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) An Internet standard protocol that assigns new IP addresses to users as need. DHTML (Dynamic HTML) A term commonly to describe HTML content that can change dynamically. Learn more about DHTML in our DHTML tutorial Dial-up Connection In web terms: A connection to Internet via telephone and modem. Discussion Group See Newsgroup. DNS (Domain Name Service) A computer program running on a web server, translating domain names into IP addresses. Learn more about DNS in our Web Hosting tutorial DNS Server A web server running DNS. DOM (Document Object Model) A programming model for web page objects. (See HTML DOM and XML DOM) Domain Name The name that identifies a web site. (like: W3Schools.com) Learn more about domains in our Web Hosting tutorial DOS (Disk Operating System) A general disk based computer operating system (see OS). Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM personal computers. Often used as a shorthand for MS-DOS. Download To transfer a file from a remote computer to a local computer. In web terms: to transfer a file from a web server to a web client. (see also Upload). DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) An Internet connection over regular telephone lines, but much faster. Speed may vary from 128 kilobit per second, up to 9 megabit per second. DTD (Document Type Definition) A set of rules (a language) for defining the legal building blocks of a web document like HTML or XML. Learn more about DTD in our DTD tutorial Dynamic IP An IP address that changes each time you connect to the Internet. (See DHCP and Static IP).  E-mail (Electronic Mail)Messages sent from one person to another via the Internet. E-mail Address The address used for sending e-mails to a person or an organization. Typical format is username@hostname.  E-mail Server A web server dedicated to the task of serving e-mail.  Encryption To convert data from its original form to a form that can only be read by someone that can reverse the encryption. The purpose of encryption is to prevent unauthorized reading of the data. Error See Web Server Error. Ethernet A type of local area network (see LAN). Firewall Software that acts as a security filter that can restrict types of network communication. Most often used between an individual computer (or a LAN) and the Internet. Flash A vector-based multimedia format developed by Macromedia for use on the web. Learn more about Flash in our Flash tutorial Form See HTML Form. Forum In web terms: The same as Newsgroup. Frame In web terms: A part of the browser screen displaying a particular content. Frames are often used to display content from different web pages. FrontPage Web development software for the Windows platform. Developed by Microsoft. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) One of the most common methods for sending files between two computers. FTP Server A web server you can logon to, and download files from (or upload files to). Anonymous FTP is a method for downloading files from an FTP server without using a logon account. Gateway A computer program for transferring (and reformatting) data between incompatible applications or networks. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A compressed format for storing images developed by CompuServe. One of the most common image formats on the Internet. GB Same as Gigabyte. 10GB is ten gigabytes. Gigabyte 1024 megabytes. Commonly rounded down to one billion bytes. Graphics In web terms graphics describe pictures (opposite to text). Graphic Monitor A display monitor that can display graphics. Graphic Printer A printer that can print graphics. Graphical Banner See Banner Ad.  Helper application In web terms: A program helping the browser to display, view, or work with files that the browser cannot handle itself. (See Plug-In). Hits The number of times a web object (page or picture) has been viewed or downloaded. (See also Page Hits). Home Page The top-level (main) page of a web site. The default page displayed when you visit a web site. Host See Web Host. Hosting See Web Hosting. Hotlink See Hyperlink. Trojan Horse Computer program hidden in another computer program with the purpose of destroying software or collecting information about the use of the computer.  HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTML is the language of the web. HTML is a set of tags that are used to define the content, layout and the formatting of the web document. Web browsers use the HTML tags to define how to display the text. Learn more about HTML in our HTML tutorial HTML Document A document written in HTML. HTML DOM (HTML Document Object Model) A programming interface for HTML documents.  Learn more about HTML DOM in our HTML DOM tutorial HTML Editor A software program for editing HTML pages. With an HTML editor you can add elements like lists, tables, layout, font size, and colors to a HTML document like using a word processor. An HTML editor will display the page being edited exactly the same way it will be displayed on the web (See WYSIWYG). HTML Form A form that passes user input back to the server. Learn more about HTML forms in our HTML tutorial HTML Page The same as an HTML Document. HTML Tags Code to identify the different parts of a document so that a web browser will know how to display it. Learn more about HTML tags our HTML tutorial HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) The standard set of rules for sending text files across the Internet. It requires an HTTP client program at one end, and an HTTP server program at the other end. HTTP Client A computer program that requests a service from a web server. HTTP Server A computer program providing services from a web server. HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) Same as HTTP but provides secure Internet communication using SSL. (see also SSL) Hyperlink A pointer to another document. Most often a pointer to another web page. A hyperlink is a synonym for a hotlink or a link, and sometimes called a hypertext connection to another document or web page. Hypermedia An extension to hypertext to include graphics and audio. Hypertext Hypertext is text that is cross-linked to other documents in such a way that the reader can read related documents by clicking on a highlighted word or symbol. (see also hyperlink) IAB (Internet Architecture Board) A council that makes decisions about Internet standards. (See also W3C). IE (Internet Explorer) See Internet Explorer. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) A subgroup of IAB that focuses on solving technical problems on the Internet. IIS (Internet Information Server) A web server for Windows operating systems. Developed by Microsoft. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) A standard communication protocol for retrieving e-mails from an e-mail server. IMAP is much like POP but more advanced. Learn more about IMAP in our TCP/IP tutorial Indeo A codec for computer video developed by Intel. Internet A world wide network connecting millions of computers. (See also WWW) Internet Browser See Web Browser. Internet Explorer A browser by Microsoft. The most commonly used browser today. Learn more about browsers in our browser section Internet Server See Web Server Intranet A private (closed) Internet, running inside a LAN (Local Area Network). IP (Internet Protocol) See TCP/IP. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) A unique number identifying every computer on the Internet (like 197.123.22.240) IP Number (Internet Protocol Number) Same as an IP address. IP Packet See TCP/IP Packet. IRC (Internet Relay Chat)An Internet system that enables users to take part in on-line discussions.  IRC Client A computer program that enables a user to connect to IRC.  IRC Server An Internet server dedicated to the task of serving IRC connections.  ISAPI (Internet Server API) Application Programming Interface (See API) for Internet Information Server (See IIS). ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) A telecommunication standard that uses digital transmission to support data communications over regular telephone lines. ISP (Internet Service Provider) Someone that provides access to the Internet and web hosting. Java A programming language developed by SUN. Mostly for programming web servers and web applets.  Java Applet See Web Applet. JavaScript The most popular scripting language on the internet, developed by Netscape. Learn more about JavaScript in our JavaScript tutorial. JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) The organization that promotes the JPG and JPEG graphic formats for storing compressed images.  JPEG and JPG Graphic formats for storing compressed images.  JScript Microsoft's version of JavaScript. JSP (Java Server Pages) A Java based technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages. Mostly used on Linux, Unix and Solaris platforms.  K Same as kilobyte 10K is ten kilobytes.. KB Same as kilobyte 10KB is ten kilobytes.. Keyword In web terms: A word used by a search engine to search for relevant web information. In database terms: A word (or index) used to identify a database record. Kilobyte 1024 bytes. Often called 1K, and rounded down to 1000 bytes. LAN (Local Area Network) A network between computers in a local area (like inside a building), usually connected via local cables. See also WAN. Link The same as a hyperlink. Linux Open source computer operating system based on Unix. Mostly used on servers and web servers. Mail In web terms: the same as e-mail.  Mail Server See e-mail server.  MB Same as Megabyte. 10MB is ten megabytes. Megabyte 1024 kilobytes. Commonly rounded down to one million bytes. Meta Data Data that describes other data. (See also Meta Tags). Meta Search The method of searching for meta data in documents. Meta Tags Tags inserted into documents to describe the document. Learn more about meta tags in our HTML tutorial MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) A standard protocol for communication between computers and musical instruments. Learn more about MIDI in our Media tutorial MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) An Internet standard for defining document types. MIME type examples: text/plain, text/html, image/gif, image/jpg. Learn more about MIME types in our Media tutorial MIME Types Document types defined by MIME. Modem Hardware equipment to connect a computer to a telephone network Typically used to connect to the Internet via a telephone line.  Mosaic The first commonly available web browser. Mosaic was released in 1993 and started the popularity of the web.  MOV A codec for computer video developed by Apple. Common file extension for QuickTime multimedia files. MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3) An audio compression format specially designed for easy download over the Internet. MP3 File An file containing audio compressed with MP3. Most often a music track. MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) An ISO standard codec for computer audio and video. MPG Common file extension for MPEG files. MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) A general disk based computer operating system (See OS). Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM computers, then developed by Microsoft as a basis for the first versions of Windows.  Multimedia In web terms: A presentation combining text with pictures, video, or sound. MySQL Free open source database software often used on the web. NetBEUI (Net Bios Extended User Interface) An enhanced version of NetBIOS. NetBIOS (Network Basic Input Output System) An application programming interface (API) with functions for local-area networks (LAN). Used by DOS and Windows. Navigate In web terms: The same as Browse. Netscape The browser from the company Netscape. The most popular browser for many years. Today IE has the lead.  Learn more about browsers in our browser section Newsgroup An on-line discussion group (a section on a news server) dedicated to a particular subject of interest.  News Reader A computer program that enables you to read (and post messages) from an Internet newsgroup.  News Server An Internet server dedicated to the task of serving Internet newsgroups.  Node In web terms: A computer connected to the Internet, most often used to describe a web server. Opera The browser from the company Opera. Learn more about browsers in our browser section OS (Operating System) The software that manages the basic operating of a computer. Packet See TCP/IP Packet. Page Hits The number of times a web page has been visited by a user. Page Impressions The same as Page Hits. Page Views The same as Page Hits.  PDF (Portable Document Format) A document file format developed by Adobe. Most often used for text documents.  Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) A scripting language for web servers. Most often used on Unix servers. PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) A technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages. Mostly for Unix, Linux and Solaris platforms. Learn more about PHP in our PHP tutorial. Ping A method used to check the communication between two computers. A "ping" is sent to a remote computer to see if it responds. Platform In web terms: The computer's operating system like Windows, Linux, or OS X. Plug-In An application built into another application. In web terms: A program built in (or added) to a web browser to handle a special type of data like e-mail, sound, or movie files. (See also ActiveX) PNG (Portable Network Graphics) A format for encoding a picture pixel by pixel and sending it over the web. A W3C recommendation for replacing GIF. POP (Post Office Protocol) A standard communication protocol for retrieving e-mails from an e-mail server. (See also IMAP). Learn more about POP and IMAP in our TCP/IP tutorial Port A number that identifies a computer IO (input/output) channel. In web terms: A number that identifies the I/O channel used by an Internet application (A web server normally uses port 80). Protocol See Communication Protocol. PPP (Point to Point Protocol) A communication protocol used for direct connection between two computers. Proxy Server An Internet server dedicated to improve Internet performance.  Router A hardware (or software) system that directs (routes) data transfer to different computers in a network.  QuickTime A multimedia file format created by Apple. Learn more about QuickTime in our Media tutorial RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) A standard for connecting multiple disks to the same server for higher security, speed and performance. Often used on web servers. RDF (Resource Description Framework) A framework for constructing languages for describing web resources. Learn more about RDF in our RDF tutorial Real Audio A common multimedia audio format created by Real Networks. Learn more about Real Audio in our Media tutorial Real Video A common multimedia video format created by Real Networks. Learn more about Real Video in our Media tutorial Redirect In web terms: The action when a web page automatically forwards (redirects) the user to another web page. RGB (Red Green Blue) The combination of the three primary colors that can represent a full color spectrum. Learn more about RGB in our HTML tutorial Robot See Web Robot. Schema See XML Schema. Script A collection of statements written in a Scripting Language. Scripting Language In web terms: A simple programming language that can be executed by a web browser or a web server. See JavaScript and VBScript. Scripting Writing a script. Shareware Software that you can try free of charge, and pay a fee to continue to use legally.  Shockwave A format (technology) developed by Macromedia for embedding multimedia content in web pages. Search Engine Computer program used to search and catalog (index) the millions of pages of available information on the web. Common search engines are Google and AltaVista. Semantic Web A web of data with a meaning in the sense that computer programs can know enough about the data to process it. Server See Web Server. Server Errors See Web Server Errors. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) An international standard for markup languages. The basis for HTML and XML. SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) A W3C recommended language for creating multimedia presentations. Learn more about SMIL in our SMIL tutorial SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) A standard communication protocol for sending e-mail messages between computers. Learn more about SMTP in our TCP/IP tutorial SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) A standard protocol for letting applications communicate with each other using XML. Learn more about SOAP in our SOAP tutorial Solaris Computer operating system from SUN. SPAM In web terms: The action of sending multiple unwelcome messages to a newsgroup or mailing list. Spider See Web Spider. Spoofing Addressing a web page or an e-mail with a false referrer. Like sending an e-mail from a false address.  Spyware Computer software hidden in a computer with the purpose of collecting information about the use of the computer. SQL (Structured Query Language) An ANSI standard computer language for accessing and manipulating databases. Learn more about SQL in our SQL tutorial. SQL Server A database system from Microsoft. Mostly used on high traffic web sites running on the Windows platform. SSI (Server Side Include) A type of HTML comment inserted into a web page to instruct the web server to generate dynamic content. The most common use is to include standard header or footer for the page. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) Software to secure and protect web site communication using encrypted transmission of data. Static IP (address) An IP address that is the same each time connect to the Internet. (See also Dynamic IP).  Streaming A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred. Streaming Format The format used for files being streamed over the Internet. (See Windows Media, Real Video and QuickTime).  SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) A W3C recommended language for defining graphics in XML. Learn more about SVG in our SVG tutorial Tag In web terms: Notifications or commands written into a web document. (See HTML Tags) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) See TCP/IP. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) A collection of Internet communication protocols between two computers. The TCP protocol is responsible for an error free connection between two computers, while the IP protocol is responsible for the data packets sent over the network. Learn more about TCP/IP in our TCP/IP tutorial TCP/IP Address See IP Address. TCP/IP Packet A "packet" of data sent over a TCP/IP network. (data sent over the Internet is broken down into small "packets" from 40 to 32000 bytes long). UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) A platform-independent framework for describing services, discovering businesses, and integrating business services using the Internet. Learn more about UDDI in our WSDL tutorial Unix Computer operating system, developed by Bell Laboratories. Mostly used for servers and web servers. UNZIP  To uncompress a ZIPPED file. See ZIP. Upload To transfer a file from a local computer to a remote computer. In web terms: to transfer a file from a web client to a web server. (see also Download). URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) Term used to identify resources on the internet. URL is one type of an URI. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) A web address. The standard way to address web documents (pages) on the Internet (like: <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">http://www.w3schools.com/</a>) USENET A world wide news system accessible over the Internet. (See Newsgroups) User Agent The same as a Web Browser. VB (Visual Basic) See Visual Basic. VBScript A scripting language from Microsoft. VBScript is the default scripting language in ASP. Can also be used to program Internet Explorer.  Learn more about VBScript in our VBScript tutorial. Virus Same as Computer Virus. Visit In web terms: A visit to a web site. Commonly used to describe the activity for one visitor of a web site. Visitor In web terms: A visitor of a web site. Commonly used to describe a person visiting (viewing) a web site. Visual Basic A programming language from Microsoft.  VPN (Virtual Private Network) A private network between two remote sites, over a secure encrypted virtual Internet connection (a tunnel).  VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) A programming language to allow 3D effects to be added to HTML documents. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) The organization responsible for managing standards for the WWW. Learn more about W3C in our W3C tutorial WAN (Wide Area Network) Computers connected together in a wide network, larger than a LAN, usually connected via phone lines. See also LAN. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) A leading standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones. Learn more about WAP in our WAP tutorial Web Address The same as an URL or URI. See URL. Web Applet A program that can be downloaded over the web and run on the user's computer. Most often written in Java. Web Client A software program used to access web pages. Sometimes the same as a Web Browser, but often used as a broader term. Web Browser A software program used to display web pages. Learn more about browsers in our Browser section Web Document A document formatted for distribution over the web. Most often a web document is formatted in a markup language like HTML or XML. Web Error See Web Server Error. Web Form See HTML Form. Web Host A web server that "hosts" web services like providing web site space to companies or individuals. Web Hosting The action of providing web host services. Web Page A document (normally an HTML file) designed to be distributed over the Web. Web Robot See Web Spider. Web Server A server is a computer that delivers services or information to other computers. In web terms: A server that delivers web content to web browsers. Web Server Error A message from a web server indicating an error. The most common web server error is "404 File Not Found".  Learn more about web server error messages in our HTML tutorial Web Services Software components and applications running on web servers. The server provides these services to other computers, browsers or individuals, using standard communication protocols. Web Site A collection of related web pages belonging to a company or an individual. Web Spider A computer program that searches the Internet for web pages. Common web spiders are the one used by search engines like Google and AltaVista to index the web. Web spiders are also called web robots or wanderers. Web Wanderer See Web Spider. Wildcard A character used to substitute any character(s). Most often used as an asterix (*) in search tools. Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 95/98, Windows XP Computer operating systems from Microsoft. Windows Media Audio and video formats for the Internet, developed by Microsoft. (See ASF, ASX, WMA and WMF). Learn more about Windows Media in our Media tutorial WINZIP A computer program for compressing and decompressing files. See ZIP. WMA Audio file format for the Internet, developed by Microsoft. (See also WMV). Learn more about media formats in our Media tutorial. WMV Video file format for the Internet, developed by Microsoft. (See also WMA). Learn more about media formats in our Media tutorial WML (Wireless Markup Language)A standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones, inherited from HTML, but based on XML, and much stricter than HTML.  Learn more about WML in our WAP tutorial WML Script Scripting language (programming language) for WML.  Learn more about WMLScript in our WMLScript tutorial Worm A computer virus that can make copies of itself and spread to other computers over the Internet. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) An XML-based language for describing Web services and how to access them. Learn more about WSDL in our WSDL tutorial WWW (World Wide Web) A global network of computers using the internet to exchange web documents. (See also Internet) WWW Server The same as a Web Server. WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) In Web terms: To display a web page being edited exactly the same way it will be displayed on the web. XForms A future version of HTML Forms, based on XML and XHTML. Differs from HTML forms by separating data definition and data display. Providing richer and more device independent user input. Learn more about XForms in our XForms tutorial XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) HTML reformulated as XML. XHTML is the latest version of HTML. Developed by W3C. Learn more about XHTML in our XHTML tutorial XPath XPath is a set of syntax rules (language) for defining parts of an XML document. XPath is a major part of the W3C XSL standard.  Learn more about XPath in our XPath tutorial XQuery XQuery is a set of syntax rules (language) for extracting information from XML documents. XQuery builds on XPath. XQuery is developed by W3C. Learn more about XQuery in our XQuery tutorial XML (Extensible Markup Language) A simplified version of SGML especially designed for web documents, developed by the W3C. Learn more about XML in our XML tutorial XML Document A document written in XML. XML DOM (XML Document Object Model) A programming interface for XML documents developed by W3C. Learn more about XML DOM in our XML DOM tutorial XML SchemaA document that describes, in a formal way, the syntax elements and parameters of a web language. Designed by W3C to replace DTD. Learn more about Schema in our XML Schema tutorial XSD (XML Schema Definition) The same as XML Schema. XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) A suite of XML languages developed by W3C, including XSLT, XSL-FO and XPath.  Learn more about XSL in our XSL tutorial XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects) An XML language for formatting XML documents. A part of XSL developed by W3C. Learn more about XSL-FO in our XSL-FO tutorial XSLT (XSL Transformations) An XML language for transforming XML documents. A part of XSL developed by W3C.  Learn more about XSLT in our XSLT tutorial ZIPA compressing format for computer files. Commonly used for compressing files before downloading over the Internet. ZIP files can be compressed (ZIPPED) and decompressed (UNZIPPED) using a computer program like WINZIP.</div>
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